临界雷诺数区准椭圆形覆冰导线风压特性研究

采用刚性模型进行测压试验,得到了不同雷诺数下准椭圆形覆冰导线的风压分布规律,通过对比平均风荷载、脉动风荷载及风荷载谱等参数,分析了雷诺数对风荷载以及横风向驰振稳定性的影响。当雷诺数达到临界区,与亚临界区的对应值相比,平均阻力系数下降、平均升力系数随风向角变化幅度大且在某些对称工况产生横风向平均升力系数;平均风压系数分布对风向角等参数更为敏感。旋涡脱落由亚临界区的规则脱落变为不规则脱落,周向风压相关性减弱,特征频率消失。临界区内平均升力系数急剧的下降段使得结构更易发生横风向驰振。     

横流不稳定性实验中转捩阶段的进一步观察

对后掠平板用可控的人工激励激发基频与二次不稳定性,研究层流后掠机翼流动导致最后转捩的过程.实验中发现有两个高频二次不稳定模态出现.其中一个为最大放大率的模态,位于垂直于壁面的速度型的拐点处,属于拐点不稳定性.另一个模态位于附面层的三分之一处.高频二次不稳定模态的增长比基频及其谐波要大的多,但与后者类似具有饱和阶段的出现.高频二次不稳定模态对最后转捩的影响主要体现在与其他扰动的相互作用,并导致出现紊流状态宽带频谱.     

Mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser

To expand the stable operating range of compressors, understanding the mechanism of flow instability at low flow rates is necessary. In this paper, the mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser is experimentally investigated, where the diffuser blade setting angle can be adjusted. Many dynamic pressure transducers are mounted on the casing surface of the compressor. From the design condition to surge, dynamic pressure data is recorded throughout the gradual process. According to the signal developing status, the typical modes of compressor instability are defined in detail, such as stall, mild surge, and deep surge. A relatively high-frequency stall wave originates in the impeller and propagates to the diffuser, and finally stimulates a deep surge in the compressor. The compressor behavior during surge differs at different diffuser vane angles. When the diffuser vane angle is adjusted, both the unstable form and the core factor affecting the overall machine stability change. A specific indicator is proposed to measure the instability of each component in a compressor, which can be used to determine the best region for stability extension technologies, such as a holed casing treatment, in different compressor applications.     

强迫扰动下的射流撞击雾化特性

为全面把握撞击式喷嘴的工作特性，进一步认识雾化在燃烧不稳定中所起的作用，采用试验结合数值模拟的方法开展了强迫扰动条件下撞击式喷嘴的非稳态雾化特性研究。试验方面，采用水力扰动装置产生喷前压力扰动，由脉动压力传感器记录喷前的脉动压力，由高速摄影对动态的喷雾场进行背光拍摄。数值模拟则是基于开源程序Gerris开展，通过给定周期性变化的速度入口来模拟前端压力扰动下的撞击雾化过程。首先验证了建立的数值模拟方案处理非稳态雾化的有效性，其次将自然雾化与强迫扰动雾化进行对比，分析了强迫扰动条件下的撞击雾化特性，最后研究了扰动频率与扰动幅值对于撞击雾化的影响。结果表明：强迫扰动下的射流撞击喷雾场出现了弓形液滴群局部聚集的现象，并且在时间上表现出周期性特征，雾化频率与强迫扰动的频率一致。在研究的频率范围（1 257~3 563 Hz）内，撞击式喷嘴的雾化对扰动都有响应。扰动频率主要影响相邻弓形液滴群之间的间距以及雾场与扰动压力之间的相位关系，扰动幅值则主要影响雾化Klystron效应的强度。随着扰动幅值的增大，液膜的破碎长度减小，撞击点下游的流量特性由线性向非线性转变，由正弦波形转变为陡峭前缘波形。     

航天柔性展开结构技术及其应用研究进展

综述了航天柔性展开结构的技术特点及其在航天器中的研究应用情况，围绕航天柔性展开结构应用涉及的薄膜褶皱、充气张力结构的屈曲失稳、展开动力学、精度测试、刚化材料等关键理论和技术基础，评述了航天柔性结构技术应用中的关键问题及未来研究重点，最后给出了航天柔性展开结构技术的未来发展趋势。     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

喷嘴式隔板与纵向肋式隔板阻尼效应分析

利用声学模型和单喷嘴声学模拟试验研究了喷嘴式隔板的耗散机理;用数值方法分析了纵向肋式隔板周围的涡流;用声学理论研究了纵向肋式隔板的声场。研究结果表明:选取合适的管间隙将会使喷嘴式隔板具有更好的稳定性作用;肋片周围是涡流产生的主要区域;肋高对燃烧室声学特性的影响远大于肋长。     

基于双机身和斜拉杆的大展弦比无人机机翼弯矩减小措施

为了减小临近空间大展弦比无人机机翼的弯矩和挠度,采用双机身和斜拉杆两种方案,对弯矩和挠度沿展向的分布进行计算与分析;同时还对斜拉杆方案下机翼受压力时的失稳特性进行研究.结果表明：两种方案均可较大程度地减小机翼弯矩和挠度;双机身方案可使最大弯矩减小为原来的24％,斜拉杆方案可使最大弯矩减小为原来的20％;且采用斜拉杆方案,在给定参数下机翼不会发生失稳现象.     

基于HHT的航空发动机气动失稳信号

针对航空发动机工作范围内存在的气动失稳现象,运用希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)分析其信号的时变特征;通过对其处理非线性、非平稳信号分析新方法与其他时频分析方法的对比,并对HHT存在的问题进行针对性解决,使其适应航空发动机气动失稳数据分析的要求.并在Labview平台上通过数字仿真试验实现和验证了HHT方法;结果表明:此算法准确有效;通过航空发动机工程试验数据的处理过程,验证了HHT在处理此类相关问题时的可行性、适用性,同时指出其仍然存在的缺陷.     

超临界压力航空煤油不稳定流动实验

对竖直上升圆管内超临界压力航空煤油的不稳定流动开展了实验研究。考察了管内壁温度、质量流量、出口温度、进出口压差等参数随时间的振荡情况,阐述了不稳定流动的诱发原因和反馈机制,建立了不稳定流动临界热负荷的预测关系式。结果表明:不稳定流动工况中发现了管内壁温度和进出口压差的异常波动。边界层发展过程中传热恶化形成类气膜是不稳定流动的诱因,存在两种类型的反馈机制:一方面,类膜态沸腾和类核态沸腾交替引发恶化换热和强化换热,导致热力不稳定;另一方面,压力扰动出现声波,压缩波使类气膜厚度减小且传热改善,膨胀波使类气膜厚度增大且传热变差,导致声波不稳定。两种反馈机制的综合作用形成热声振荡现象。